电力改革浪(lang)潮席卷而至，2023年，是(shi)我国(guo)新一轮(lun)电力体制改革开展的(de)第8年。
8年来，我国(guo)电(dian)(dian)力市(shi)场(chang)(chang)化(hua)改革初(chu)见(jian)成效，多元(yuan)竞争格局初(chu)步(bu)形成，电(dian)(dian)力的(de)商品属性进(jin)一步(bu)显现(xian)，市(shi)场(chang)(chang)优化(hua)配置资源的(de)作用增强，市(shi)场(chang)(chang)化(hua)交易电(dian)(dian)量(liang)大幅提(ti)升。2023年我国(guo)电(dian)(dian)力改革将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)速迈入(ru)深(shen)水区，着力破解(jie)电(dian)(dian)力市(shi)场(chang)(chang)的(de)重(zhong)点难(nan)点，全国(guo)统一电(dian)(dian)力市(shi)场(chang)(chang)体系加(jia)快(kuai)建设(she)、省级现(xian)货市(shi)场(chang)(chang)实现(xian)全覆盖、绿(lv)电(dian)(dian)绿(lv)证交易全面提(ti)速……2023，新一轮省级电(dian)(dian)网输(shu)配电(dian)(dian)价或将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)公布，更多新型储能也将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)成为市(shi)场(chang)(chang)主(zhu)体，售(shou)电(dian)(dian)企业(ye)差异化(hua)服(fu)务将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)成为主(zhu)流。
（来源(yuan)：北(bei)极星售电(dian)网 作者：Rosa）
全国统一电力市(shi)场体系加快建设(she)
当前，我国(guo)(guo)(guo)正加(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)设全国(guo)(guo)(guo)统一(yi)电(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)体(ti)系。2022年(nian)(nian)1月，《关(guan)于加(jia)快(kuai)建(jian)设全国(guo)(guo)(guo)统一(yi)电(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)体(ti)系的指导(dao)意见》（下称指导(dao)意见）正式发(fa)布，提出了健(jian)全多层次(ci)统一(yi)电(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)体(ti)系的具体(ti)要求，鼓励在承接(jie)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家区(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)重大战略(lve)的地区(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)设区(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)电(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)。意见提出，2025年(nian)(nian)，我国(guo)(guo)(guo)统一(yi)电(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)将初步建(jian)成，其(qi)中国(guo)(guo)(guo)家市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)与(yu)省(sheng)(sheng)（区(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）/区(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)协(xie)同运行(xing)，电(dian)力(li)(li)中长期(qi)、现(xian)(xian)货、辅助服务市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)一(yi)体(ti)化设计。到2050年(nian)(nian)，统一(yi)电(dian)力(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)体(ti)系基本(ben)建(jian)成，实现(xian)(xian)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)与(yu)省(sheng)(sheng)（区(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）/区(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)联(lian)合运行(xing)，新(xin)能源全面(mian)参与(yu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)交易(yi)。
如今(jin)指导(dao)意见已经发布一年的(de)时(shi)间，建设(she)全(quan)国统一电力市场的(de)步伐正在加快(kuai)。
2023年(nian)，国网区(qu)域各省份都将(jiang)在统(tong)一(yi)电力(li)市(shi)(shi)场体系建(jian)设(she)中加快步伐(fa)。从各地(di)发布的2023年(nian)能源(yuan)(yuan)相关规划可(ke)以看到，深化电力(li)市(shi)(shi)场改革(ge)、统(tong)一(yi)电力(li)市(shi)(shi)场体系建(jian)设(she)，被列(lie)入(ru)年(nian)度重点任务之(zhi)一(yi)。如辽宁计(ji)划构(gou)建(jian)东(dong)北区(qu)域能源(yuan)(yuan)交易中心，山西(xi)将(jiang)主(zhu)动参与(yu)全国电力(li)现货(huo)交易规则制(zhi)定和区(qu)域电力(li)市(shi)(shi)场建(jian)设(she)……
2023年(nian)，南方区(qu)域电力(li)市场将进入调电试运(yun)行(xing)阶段，实现电力(li)资源的优化配置。南方区(qu)域电力(li)市场将形成跨省与省内(nei)联合运(yun)营(ying)的统一大(da)平台，开展多品种、高(gao)频率(lv)的跨区(qu)、跨省电力(li)交易。
新一轮(lun)省(sheng)级电网输(shu)配(pei)电价(jia)即(ji)将(jiang)公(gong)布
目前我国第(di)三(san)监管周期输(shu)配电价(jia)定价(jia)已经全面开展，将于(yu)今年公布。
输配电(dian)价(jia)改(gai)革(ge)是新(xin)一(yi)轮(lun)电(dian)改(gai)的重要组成(cheng)部(bu)分，是“管住中间”的关键举(ju)措(cuo)，目的是打破电(dian)网的垄断(duan)，为(wei)电(dian)力价(jia)格市场化(hua)奠(dian)定(ding)基础。
2015年(nian)以来，按照党中央(yang)和国务院决策(ce)部署，国家发改(gai)(gai)委会(hui)同(tong)有关部门全(quan)面(mian)推(tui)进输(shu)(shu)配(pei)电(dian)(dian)价改(gai)(gai)革(ge)，开展首(shou)轮输(shu)(shu)配(pei)电(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本监审(shen)，取得了积极成(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)。通过严格成(cheng)(cheng)本监审(shen)，共(gong)核减不(bu)应纳(na)入输(shu)(shu)配(pei)电(dian)(dian)定价成(cheng)(cheng)本的(de)不(bu)相关、不(bu)合理费用约1284亿元，改(gai)(gai)革(ge)红利(li)全(quan)部用于(yu)降低实体(ti)经济(ji)用电(dian)(dian)成(cheng)(cheng)本。通过健(jian)全(quan)独立输(shu)(shu)配(pei)电(dian)(dian)价体(ti)系，推(tui)动(dong)电(dian)(dian)价市场化程度显著提高，我国电(dian)(dian)力市场化交易比(bi)重由(you)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)前的(de)14%，提高至2022年(nian)的(de)60.8%，有效(xiao)促进了电(dian)(dian)力资源合理配(pei)置(zhi)。
2019年国(guo)家发(fa)改委全面组织开展新一(yi)轮(lun)输配电(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本监(jian)审，监(jian)审范围包括全国(guo)除西(xi)藏以外30个省份的省级电(dian)(dian)(dian)网和(he)华北(bei)(bei)、华东(dong)、东(dong)北(bei)(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)(bei)、华中5个区域(yu)(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网，监(jian)审期间为第一(yi)监(jian)审周期后一(yi)年度至2018年度。其(qi)中，省级电(dian)(dian)(dian)网成(cheng)本监(jian)审委托(tuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网公司所在地的省级价格(ge)主(zhu)管(guan)部门具(ju)体负责监(jian)审；区域(yu)(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网成(cheng)本监(jian)审委托(tuo)区域(yu)(yu)范围内(nei)相关省级价格(ge)主(zhu)管(guan)部门联合监(jian)审。
2020年(nian)9月，国(guo)家发(fa)改委发(fa)布《关于核(he)定(ding)(ding)2020～2022年(nian)省(sheng)级(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)通(tong)知》，公(gong)布了(le)33个省(sheng)级(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)表(biao)，自2021年(nian)1月1日起执行。这是省(sheng)级(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)第二(er)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)，标(biao)志着我国(guo)输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)体系(xi)基本完(wan)善。与第一(yi)(yi)(yi)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)相比，第二(er)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)核(he)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)诸多(duo)(duo)(duo)方面取(qu)得(de)了(le)重要突破，表(biao)现(xian)为(wei)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)个全(quan)面、三个首(shou)次”，即全(quan)面完(wan)善了(le)定(ding)(ding)价(jia)(jia)规(gui)则，规(gui)范了(le)定(ding)(ding)价(jia)(jia)程序，实(shi)现(xian)了(le)严格(ge)按(an)机制定(ding)(ding)价(jia)(jia)；首(shou)次实(shi)现(xian)了(le)对(dui)所有省(sheng)级(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)和区域电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)核(he)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次性(xing)全(quan)覆盖(gai)，首(shou)次核(he)定(ding)(ding)了(le)分电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压等级(ji)理(li)论输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)，首(shou)次将“网(wang)(wang)对(dui)网(wang)(wang)”外(wai)送(song)输(shu)(shu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)格(ge)纳(na)入(ru)省(sheng)级(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)核(he)价(jia)(jia)。第二(er)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)核(he)定(ding)(ding)，积极运(yun)用降(jiang)价(jia)(jia)空间，进(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)理(li)顺了(le)输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)与目(mu)录销售电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)关系(xi)，为(wei)扩大市场化(hua)交易规(gui)模创造(zao)了(le)更好条件；进(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)优化(hua)了(le)输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)结(jie)构，缩小了(le)交叉补(bu)贴，为(wei)下一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)相关政策完(wan)善奠定(ding)(ding)了(le)基础；进(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)解决(jue)了(le)部分历史(shi)遗留问题，疏导了(le)多(duo)(duo)(duo)个省(sheng)份存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)矛盾；进(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)实(shi)现(xian)了(le)输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)水(shui)平的(de)(de)稳中(zhong)有降(jiang)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)数(shu)省(sheng)份聚(ju)焦降(jiang)低(di)大工业输(shu)(shu)配(pei)(pei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)。同时(shi)，充分考虑外(wai)送(song)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)省(sheng)份实(shi)际情况，制定(ding)(ding)了(le)合理(li)的(de)(de)外(wai)送(song)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)输(shu)(shu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)格(ge)，将有力(li)促(cu)进(jin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)资源在(zai)更大范围内优化(hua)配(pei)(pei)置。
2022年5月，国家发改(gai)委部署(shu)开展第(di)三监(jian)管(guan)周期输配电(dian)(dian)定价成本(ben)监(jian)审(shen)(shen)(shen)实地(di)审(shen)(shen)(shen)核工作，第(di)三监(jian)管(guan)周期成本(ben)监(jian)审(shen)(shen)(shen)范(fan)围包括33个(ge)省级(ji)电(dian)(dian)网和6个(ge)区域电(dian)(dian)网，监(jian)审(shen)(shen)(shen)期间(jian)为2019年度(du)至2021年度(du)。
虽然目前最新一(yi)轮全(quan)国省级输(shu)配电价(jia)尚待发(fa)(fa)布，但局部地区已(yi)经(jing)先行(xing)出(chu)台试行(xing)的输(shu)配电价(jia)。新疆生产(chan)建设兵团发(fa)(fa)改委已(yi)经(jing)以第八师(shi)兵团作为试点(dian)，发(fa)(fa)布了(le)《兵团发(fa)(fa)展改革委关(guan)于核定(ding)2022~2025年第八师(shi)电网(wang)输(shu)配电价(jia)（试行(xing)）的通知》（兵发(fa)(fa)改价(jia)格(ge)规〔2022〕174号）。
对于业(ye)(ye)(ye)内较为关心(xin)的(de)第三监管周期输(shu)配电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价如何监审？国家发(fa)改(gai)委在2022年发(fa)布的(de)《关于加快建设全国统一电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市场体系(xi)的(de)指导意见》中显(xian)示，“强(qiang)化电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网输(shu)配电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)准许收入(ru)监管，推动电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网企业(ye)(ye)(ye)输(shu)配电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)业(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)和(he)(he)购售电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)业(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)分开核算，妥善(shan)处理政策性(xing)交叉补(bu)贴(tie)。提(ti)升(sheng)跨(kua)省跨(kua)区(qu)输(shu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价格机制(zhi)灵(ling)活性(xing)，探索跨(kua)省跨(kua)区(qu)交易按最(zui)优路径(jing)组(zu)合(he)等方式收取输(shu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)费(fei)用(yong)。”可以(yi)看到，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网企业(ye)(ye)(ye)输(shu)配电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)业(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)和(he)(he)购售电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)业(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)分开核算将成大势所趋，进一步剥(bo)离电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网企业(ye)(ye)(ye)竞争性(xing)业(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)和(he)(he)非竞争性(xing)业(ye)(ye)(ye)务(wu)。
省级(ji)现货市场全覆盖(gai)
2023年，我(wo)国省级现货市场有望(wang)实现全覆盖。主要表现在首批试(shi)(shi)点陆续进(jin)入(ru)长(zhang)周期(qi)结算试(shi)(shi)运(yun)行，第二(er)批试(shi)(shi)点陆续开展模拟试(shi)(shi)运(yun)行，非试(shi)(shi)点地区也相继出台(tai)现货方案。
作为建设(she)全(quan)国统一电(dian)力(li)市(shi)场体(ti)系的重(zhong)要布局之(zhi)一，电(dian)力(li)现(xian)货市(shi)场的试点(dian)正在加快铺开。首批电(dian)力(li)现(xian)货试点(dian)南方（以广(guang)东起(qi)步）、蒙西、浙江、山西、山东、福建、四川、甘肃8个地区于(yu)2017年敲定(ding)、2019年6月底全(quan)面(mian)启动模拟(ni)试运行，此后相继推进按周、按月、按季度、按年连续结(jie)算。
2021年(nian)4月第(di)二批(pi)现(xian)货(huo)市场公布于众，上海、江(jiang)苏、安徽、辽宁、河(he)南、湖北6省(sheng)(sheng)市被列入(ru)。目前以(yi)第(di)一批(pi)、第(di)二批(pi)为代表的(de)现(xian)货(huo)试点省(sheng)(sheng)份顺利完成从日(ri)、周到(dao)月不同时间维度和多种复杂场景的(de)结算试运(yun)行(xing)，最长连续运(yun)行(xing)时间已超(chao)过500天。
目前，国家电(dian)(dian)网(wang)经(jing)营区已(yi)(yi)有(you)20个省(sheng)级(ji)电(dian)(dian)网(wang)开(kai)展了现(xian)(xian)(xian)货市(shi)场(chang)试(shi)(shi)(shi)运行(xing)。南方区域电(dian)(dian)力现(xian)(xian)(xian)货市(shi)场(chang)成功(gong)开(kai)展调电(dian)(dian)试(shi)(shi)(shi)运行(xing)。整体来看，省(sheng)级(ji)现(xian)(xian)(xian)货市(shi)场(chang)中(zhong)，广东、福建(jian)(jian)、山西、甘(gan)肃(su)连续试(shi)(shi)(shi)运行(xing)时间(jian)已(yi)(yi)超过(guo)一年(nian)；第二批现(xian)(xian)(xian)货试(shi)(shi)(shi)点均已(yi)(yi)完(wan)成电(dian)(dian)力现(xian)(xian)(xian)货市(shi)场(chang)模拟试(shi)(shi)(shi)运行(xing)，其中(zhong)江苏完(wan)成结(jie)算试(shi)(shi)(shi)运行(xing)，安徽完(wan)成调电(dian)(dian)试(shi)(shi)(shi)运行(xing)；非试(shi)(shi)(shi)点地区全面启动电(dian)(dian)力现(xian)(xian)(xian)货市(shi)场(chang)建(jian)(jian)设，正在研究完(wan)善运行(xing)规(gui)则和筹建(jian)(jian)技术(shu)支撑(cheng)系统。
进(jin)入(ru)2023年(nian)，广东、山西(xi)等地连续结(jie)算(suan)试(shi)(shi)运(yun)行(xing)依然(ran)在进(jin)行(xing)中(zhong)，年(nian)内也将有更(geng)多省级(ji)现(xian)货(huo)试(shi)(shi)点进(jin)入(ru)到(dao)长(zhang)周(zhou)期结(jie)算(suan)试(shi)(shi)运(yun)行(xing)。随着越(yue)来越(yue)多的省份进(jin)入(ru)长(zhang)周(zhou)期结(jie)算(suan)试(shi)(shi)运(yun)行(xing)，可以(yi)预见(jian)，现(xian)货(huo)交(jiao)易品种(zhong)日趋丰富、交(jiao)易频(pin)次日渐增多，火电/新能(neng)源企业(ye)、售电公司与大(da)用(yong)户(hu)面临(lin)的交(jiao)易挑战越(yue)来越(yue)大(da)。
同时，省(sheng)间(jian)电力(li)现货交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)连(lian)续(xu)结算试(shi)(shi)运(yun)行(xing)将在2023年(nian)继(ji)续(xu)开(kai)展(zhan)，根据(ju)北京电力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中心(xin)发布的(de)《关(guan)于继(ji)续(xu)开(kai)展(zhan)省(sheng)间(jian)电力(li)现货交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)连(lian)续(xu)结算试(shi)(shi)运(yun)行(xing)的(de)通知》显示，计(ji)划自2023年(nian)1月1日(ri)(ri)继(ji)续(xu)开(kai)展(zhan)连(lian)续(xu)结算试(shi)(shi)运(yun)行(xing)，省(sheng)间(jian)现货市(shi)场连(lian)续(xu)结算试(shi)(shi)运(yun)行(xing)将继(ji)续(xu)执行(xing)《省(sheng)间(jian)电力(li)现货交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)规则（试(shi)(shi)行(xing)）》。市(shi)场主(zhu)体每(mei)(mei)个工作(zuo)日(ri)(ri)申(shen)报次日(ri)(ri)省(sheng)间(jian)日(ri)(ri)前(qian)(qian)现货交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，每(mei)(mei)周五申(shen)报后三天省(sheng)间(jian)日(ri)(ri)前(qian)(qian)现货交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，节(jie)假日(ri)(ri)按实际情况开(kai)展(zhan)。市(shi)场主(zhu)体每(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)申(shen)报当日(ri)(ri)的(de)省(sheng)间(jian)日(ri)(ri)内现货交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)。
绿电绿证交(jiao)易全面提速
近(jin)两年来(lai)，新(xin)能(neng)源入(ru)市(shi)交易迎来(lai)更多(duo)利好，在《关于加(jia)快建设全国(guo)统一电(dian)力市(shi)场(chang)体系的指(zhi)导意见(jian)》中提到(dao)(dao)，到(dao)(dao)2030年，新(xin)能(neng)源将全面参与市(shi)场(chang)交易。可以(yi)看到(dao)(dao)，新(xin)能(neng)源全面进入(ru)电(dian)力市(shi)场(chang)已经(jing)步入(ru)提速(su)阶段。
根(gen)据国(guo)家能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局公布的数据显示，我(wo)国(guo)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)呈现发展速度快、运(yun)行质(zhi)量好、利用(yong)水平(ping)高(gao)、产业竞争力(li)强的良好态(tai)势。2022年全国(guo)风(feng)电、光(guang)伏发电新增装(zhuang)机(ji)突破(po)1.2亿(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，创历史(shi)新高(gao)，带动可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)装(zhuang)机(ji)突破(po)12亿(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。全年可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)新增装(zhuang)机(ji)1.52亿(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，占全国(guo)新增发电装(zhuang)机(ji)的76.2%，已成为我(wo)国(guo)电力(li)新增装(zhuang)机(ji)的主体。
2022年(nian)我国风(feng)电(dian)、光(guang)伏发电(dian)量首(shou)次(ci)突破1万(wan)(wan)亿(yi)(yi)千瓦时(shi)(shi)，达(da)到1.19万(wan)(wan)亿(yi)(yi)千瓦时(shi)(shi)，随着新(xin)能源(yuan)发电(dian)量占比不断提(ti)升(sheng)，高质(zhi)量发展(zhan)需要更加重视消(xiao)纳(na)工(gong)作。在(zai)我国“双碳”战略(lve)目(mu)标下，能源(yuan)结构转型升(sheng)级已成(cheng)大势所(suo)趋。加之绿(lv)色能源(yuan)相关(guan)政策法(fa)规相继出台，绿(lv)色电(dian)力(li)发展(zhan)已全(quan)面提(ti)速。北京电(dian)力(li)交(jiao)易(yi)中心预测，2023年(nian)绿(lv)电(dian)绿(lv)证(zheng)交(jiao)易(yi)机制得到进(jin)一步完(wan)善，交(jiao)易(yi)规模(mo)将取得新(xin)突破。预计2023年(nian)国家将完(wan)成(cheng)绿(lv)电(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)超500亿(yi)(yi)千瓦时(shi)(shi)，完(wan)成(cheng)绿(lv)证(zheng)交(jiao)易(yi)超500万(wan)(wan)张。
国家能(neng)(neng)源局(ju)数据显(xian)示，2022年，全国可再生能(neng)(neng)源总装(zhuang)(zhuang)机超过(guo)12亿(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦，水(shui)电(dian)(dian)、风(feng)电(dian)(dian)、太阳能(neng)(neng)发电(dian)(dian)、生物质发电(dian)(dian)装(zhuang)(zhuang)机均居(ju)世界首位(wei)。其中(zhong)，风(feng)电(dian)(dian)装(zhuang)(zhuang)机容量约3.7亿(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦，同比(bi)增长(zhang)11.2%；太阳能(neng)(neng)发电(dian)(dian)装(zhuang)(zhuang)机容量约3.9亿(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦，同比(bi)增长(zhang)28.1%。
新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市场(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)占比稳步提升。2020年到(dao)2022年，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市场(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)电(dian)量分别(bie)为1317.80亿(yi)千瓦(wa)时(shi)(shi)、2136.57亿(yi)千瓦(wa)时(shi)(shi)、3464.94亿(yi)千瓦(wa)时(shi)(shi)，分别(bie)占新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)电(dian)量的24.13%、28.28%、38.42%。同一时(shi)(shi)期，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)市场(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)价(jia)格也逐年升高。近三年国网(wang)经营区光伏市场(chang)(chang)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)(jiao)易(yi)价(jia)格分别(bie)为0.141元/千瓦(wa)时(shi)(shi)、0.221元/千瓦(wa)时(shi)(shi)，0.235元/千瓦(wa)时(shi)(shi)。
进入2023年以(yi)来，我国发布的文件以(yi)及相关会议(yi)，都对绿电、绿证交易做(zuo)出安排：
2023年2月15日，国(guo)家发改委、财(cai)政(zheng)部、国(guo)家能源局联(lian)合(he)下发《关于享受中(zhong)央政(zheng)府补(bu)贴的绿电(dian)项(xiang)目参与(yu)绿电(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)有关事(shi)项(xiang)的通知》中(zhong)明确(que)，稳妥(tuo)推进享受国(guo)家可再(zai)生能源补(bu)贴的绿电(dian)项(xiang)目参与(yu)绿电(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)，更(geng)好实(shi)现绿色电(dian)力环境价值(zhi)。
文件规定(ding)，享受国(guo)家(jia)(jia)可再(zai)生能源补(bu)(bu)贴的(de)(de)绿(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)电(dian)力，参(can)(can)与(yu)(yu)绿(lv)(lv)(lv)电(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)时(shi)高于项目所(suo)执行(xing)的(de)(de)煤电(dian)基准电(dian)价的(de)(de)溢价收(shou)益(yi)等额冲抵(di)国(guo)家(jia)(jia)可再(zai)生能源补(bu)(bu)贴或(huo)归国(guo)家(jia)(jia)所(suo)有(you)；发电(dian)企(qi)业放弃补(bu)(bu)贴的(de)(de)，参(can)(can)与(yu)(yu)绿(lv)(lv)(lv)电(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)(de)全部(bu)收(shou)益(yi)归发电(dian)企(qi)业所(suo)有(you)。由(you)国(guo)家(jia)(jia)保障性收(shou)购的(de)(de)绿(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)电(dian)力可统(tong)一参(can)(can)加绿(lv)(lv)(lv)电(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)或(huo)绿(lv)(lv)(lv)证(zheng)交(jiao)易(yi)。绿(lv)(lv)(lv)电(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)产生的(de)(de)溢价收(shou)益(yi)及对(dui)应(ying)的(de)(de)绿(lv)(lv)(lv)证(zheng)交(jiao)易(yi)收(shou)益(yi)等额冲抵(di)国(guo)家(jia)(jia)可再(zai)生能源补(bu)(bu)贴或(huo)归国(guo)家(jia)(jia)所(suo)有(you)。享受国(guo)家(jia)(jia)可再(zai)生能源补(bu)(bu)贴并参(can)(can)与(yu)(yu)绿(lv)(lv)(lv)电(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)的(de)(de)绿(lv)(lv)(lv)电(dian)优先(xian)兑(dui)付(fu)补(bu)(bu)贴。这(zhei)意味着此后会有(you)更多(duo)的(de)(de)绿(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)电(dian)力参(can)(can)与(yu)(yu)到市场化交(jiao)易(yi)中(zhong)来(lai)，绿(lv)(lv)(lv)电(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)规模将呈现几何级增长。
新型储(chu)能成为市(shi)场主体
在(zai)“双碳(tan)”背景下，随着新能(neng)源大规(gui)模(mo)接入电(dian)(dian)网，电(dian)(dian)力(li)系统(tong)(tong)也面临着电(dian)(dian)力(li)电(dian)(dian)量平(ping)衡、系统(tong)(tong)安全稳定(ding)、新能(neng)源高效利用等多重挑战。储能(neng)以其灵活调节(jie)能(neng)力(li)，支撑光电(dian)(dian)风电(dian)(dian)大规(gui)模(mo)并网，被视为新型电(dian)(dian)力(li)系统(tong)(tong)的(de)必(bi)要环(huan)节(jie)。
随着(zhe)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)鼓(gu)励(li)政策(ce)不断出台，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)独立(li)市(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)主(zhu)体地位逐渐明(ming)晰。所(suo)谓新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)，是指利用(yong)除抽水蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)外的物理储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化学储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)、相变储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)和(he)其他(ta)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)兴储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技术，具(ju)备独立(li)计量、控制(zhi)等技术条(tiao)件，接入调(diao)度自动(dong)(dong)化系统可(ke)被电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网监控和(he)调(diao)度，符合(he)相关(guan)(guan)标准规范和(he)本(ben)规范指引要求(qiu)，具(ju)有(you)法人资格(ge)的独立(li)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)主(zhu)体。发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)侧、用(yong)户侧、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网侧新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)均(jun)可(ke)参(can)(can)与市(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)交易。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)具(ju)有(you)响应快、配置灵活、建(jian)设(she)周期短(duan)等优势，可(ke)在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力运行中发挥顶峰、调(diao)峰、调(diao)频、爬(pa)坡、黑启(qi)动(dong)(dong)等多种作(zuo)用(yong)，是构(gou)建(jian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系统的重要组(zu)成部分(fen)。对此(ci)，两部门在《关(guan)(guan)于进一步推动(dong)(dong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)参(can)(can)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)调(diao)度运用(yong)的通知(zhi)》中要求(qiu)，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)可(ke)作(zuo)为独立(li)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)参(can)(can)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、鼓(gu)励(li)配建(jian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)与所(suo)属电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源联合(he)参(can)(can)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、加快推动(dong)(dong)独立(li)储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)参(can)(can)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)配合(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网调(diao)峰……，为储(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)参(can)(can)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)(shi)场(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)提供了多种可(ke)能(neng)(neng)性。
2022年6月，国家(jia)发改委等九部门发布《关于印(yin)发“十四(si)五”可再(zai)生能源发展规划的通知》。明确了新型储(chu)能独立市场(chang)主体地(di)位，完善储(chu)能参与(yu)各类电力(li)市场(chang)的交易机制和(he)技术标准。
2022年(nian)12月，国网经(jing)营(ying)区《新(xin)型储能主(zhu)体注册规范(fan)指(zhi)引》发布，规范(fan)指(zhi)引适用于国家电(dian)网有限公司(si)经(jing)营(ying)区内新(xin)型储能主(zhu)体的(de)市场(chang)注册、信息变更、注销(xiao)等业务管理工(gong)作。这是电(dian)力交易机构首次从实施层面统一(yi)，明确将(jiang)新(xin)型储能作为独立于发电(dian)企业、售电(dian)公司(si)和用户的(de)注册类型。这意味着新(xin)型储能参与电(dian)力市场(chang)成为常态。
随着政(zheng)策层面打通(tong)(tong)了储能商业模式(shi)，储能运营商可参与(yu)电力现货市场交易，通(tong)(tong)过峰(feng)谷价差等方式(shi)来扩大盈利空(kong)间。
目前独立储能(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)收入(ru)主(zhu)要(yao)来自(zi)三(san)个方(fang)面：现(xian)货(huo)市(shi)场电(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量交(jiao)易(yi)收入(ru)、容(rong)(rong)(rong)量市(shi)场补偿(chang)(chang)收入(ru)、容(rong)(rong)(rong)量租赁市(shi)场租金(jin)收入(ru)。国(guo)家(jia)发改委、国(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源局《关于进(jin)一步推动(dong)新(xin)型储能(neng)(neng)(neng)参(can)与电(dian)(dian)力市(shi)场和调度运用的通知》指出，独立储能(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)向电(dian)(dian)网送(song)电(dian)(dian)的，其相应充电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)量不承担输配电(dian)(dian)价和政(zheng)府性基金(jin)及(ji)附(fu)加。以山东(dong)省为例，山东(dong)新(xin)型储能(neng)(neng)(neng)参(can)与市(shi)场，以独立主(zhu)体(ti)身(shen)份(fen)参(can)与现(xian)货(huo)交(jiao)易(yi)，通过充放电(dian)(dian)，获得电(dian)(dian)价差收入(ru)；另一方(fang)面来自(zi)于容(rong)(rong)(rong)量电(dian)(dian)费：在现(xian)货(huo)市(shi)场，以发电(dian)(dian)身(shen)份(fen)为系统(tong)提(ti)供可(ke)用容(rong)(rong)(rong)量，收取容(rong)(rong)(rong)量费用或补偿(chang)(chang)。
未来，将有更多(duo)省份对储能的(de)市(shi)场地位明晰(xi)和政策加持，促进新型储能公(gong)平参(can)与电(dian)力市(shi)场，储能参(can)与电(dian)力市(shi)场将成为常(chang)态(tai)。
售电(dian)市场机遇与挑战并存
2023年售电市场，机(ji)遇与挑战(zhan)并存。
2022年12月(yue)23日国家发改委发布《关(guan)于(yu)进(jin)一步(bu)做好(hao)电(dian)网(wang)企业代(dai)理(li)购(gou)(gou)电(dian)工(gong)(gong)作的通(tong)知》，通(tong)知中提(ti)到，逐(zhu)步(bu)优化代(dai)理(li)购(gou)(gou)电(dian)制(zhi)度。各地要(yao)适应当地电(dian)力市(shi)场发展进(jin)程(cheng)，鼓励支(zhi)持(chi)10千伏及以上的工(gong)(gong)商业用户(hu)直接参与电(dian)力市(shi)场，逐(zhu)步(bu)缩小代(dai)理(li)购(gou)(gou)电(dian)用户(hu)范围。随着制(zhi)度的健(jian)全完善，将推动百(bai)万数量级工(gong)(gong)商业电(dian)力用户(hu)全部进(jin)入市(shi)场。
目前来(lai)看，售电企(qi)(qi)业(ye)的客户(hu)类型主要(yao)为两种：一类是大(da)工业(ye)用(yong)户(hu)，该类用(yong)户(hu)用(yong)电量较(jiao)大(da)，对(dui)售电企(qi)(qi)业(ye)控制偏差起到帮助。另一类是中小(xiao)型用(yong)户(hu)，用(yong)户(hu)体量小(xiao)，但聚少(shao)成多，可帮助售电企(qi)(qi)业(ye)实现(xian)负荷侧聚合。
据(ju)相关资料(liao)显(xian)示(shi)，目前仍(reng)有60%左右的中(zhong)小型电(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)户(hu)(hu)(hu)未(wei)完(wan)全进入市场(chang)(chang)，以(yi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)网企业代(dai)理购电(dian)(dian)(dian)的方式用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)；未(wei)入市电(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)超2万亿度(du)。这(zhei)对售电(dian)(dian)(dian)公司(si)来说，是巨大的市场(chang)(chang)机遇，中(zhong)小型电(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)户(hu)(hu)(hu)或(huo)成(cheng)(cheng)为售电(dian)(dian)(dian)公司(si)未(wei)来主要的客户(hu)(hu)(hu)群体。中(zhong)小型电(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)户(hu)(hu)(hu)参与(yu)市场(chang)(chang)存在以(yi)下(xia)痛(tong)点：一对电(dian)(dian)(dian)力市场(chang)(chang)政策不(bu)了解，无法独立完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)交易。二是自身(shen)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)体量(liang)较小，市场(chang)(chang)议价能力低。
随(sui)着售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)电(dian)侧改革(ge)深入，在未来的(de)顺价(jia)(jia)模(mo)式下(xia)，售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)电(dian)企业不再是仅(jin)赚取(qu)价(jia)(jia)差(cha)的(de)“中介”角色，售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)电(dian)企业差(cha)异(yi)化(hua)服务将(jiang)成为(wei)主流。随(sui)着市场(chang)化(hua)改革(ge)的(de)不断(duan)推进(jin)，供(gong)应侧的(de)成本(ben)压力必然会传导给用(yong)户(hu)(hu)侧。在售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)电(dian)市场(chang)愈(yu)加激烈、价(jia)(jia)差(cha)空(kong)间透明化(hua)的(de)当下(xia)，同质化(hua)的(de)盈利模(mo)式将(jiang)难以维系。此外(wai)，电(dian)力用(yong)户(hu)(hu)日(ri)益(yi)增长的(de)多样化(hua)需求，也迫使售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)电(dian)企业必须尽快开辟(pi)新的(de)业务，为(wei)客(ke)户(hu)(hu)提供(gong)精准的(de)服务。如开展负(fu)荷聚(ju)集、虚拟电(dian)厂建设、绿电(dian)交(jiao)易、综(zong)合能源服务等，都(dou)将(jiang)成为(wei)新的(de)效(xiao)益(yi)增长点。
电(dian)力(li)供需预测：总体呈现(xian)紧平衡(heng)
2023年，我国(guo)电(dian)力供需总体呈现紧平衡，部(bu)分区域用电(dian)高(gao)峰时段电(dian)力供需偏紧。预(yu)计全社会用电(dian)量增(zeng)速(su)将在6%左右。
【未来三年，全球(qiu)电(dian)力需(xu)求(qiu)增(zeng)长(zhang)的(de)70%以上将来自中国(guo)(guo)、印(yin)度和东南亚国(guo)(guo)家(jia)。中国(guo)(guo)作为(wei)世界上最大的(de)电(dian)力消费国(guo)(guo)家(jia)，2022年占(zhan)全球(qiu)电(dian)力需(xu)求(qiu)的(de)31%。国(guo)(guo)际能源署预计，2023-2025年期间，中国(guo)(guo)电(dian)力需(xu)求(qiu)年平均增(zeng)幅为(wei)5.2%。】
——国(guo)际(ji)能源署(shu)《2023年电(dian)力市场(chang)报告》
【2023年预计(ji)(ji)我国经济运行(xing)有望(wang)总体回升，拉动电力消费需求增速(su)比2022年有所提(ti)高。正常气候情况(kuang)下，预计(ji)(ji)2023年全国全社(she)会用电量9.15万亿千瓦时，比2022年增长(zhang)6%左右。】
——中(zhong)电联《2023年度全(quan)国电力供需形势分(fen)析预测报告》
近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)来，我国全(quan)(quan)社会用电(dian)量(liang)呈(cheng)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)攀升的态(tai)势。2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)，我国全(quan)(quan)社会用电(dian)量(liang)8.64万亿千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)时(shi)，同比(bi)增长3.6%。2015-2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)的近(jin)8年(nian)(nian)(nian)来，我国全(quan)(quan)社会用电(dian)量(liang)已累(lei)计增长30872亿千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)时(shi)，接近(jin)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)国全(quan)(quan)社会用电(dian)量(liang)（2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)社会用电(dian)量(liang)为32458亿千(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)时(shi)）。
根(gen)据(ju)中电(dian)(dian)联预测，预计(ji)2023年(nian)全国(guo)电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供需(xu)(xu)总体紧(jin)平衡(heng)(heng)，部(bu)分区(qu)(qu)域(yu)用电(dian)(dian)高峰时段电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供需(xu)(xu)偏紧(jin)。迎(ying)峰度夏期间，华东(dong)、华中、南(nan)方区(qu)(qu)域(yu)电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供需(xu)(xu)形势(shi)偏紧(jin)；华北、东(dong)北、西北区(qu)(qu)域(yu)电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供需(xu)(xu)基(ji)本平衡(heng)(heng)。迎(ying)峰度冬(dong)期间，华东(dong)、华中、南(nan)方、西北区(qu)(qu)域(yu)电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供需(xu)(xu)偏紧(jin)；华北区(qu)(qu)域(yu)电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供需(xu)(xu)紧(jin)平衡(heng)(heng)；东(dong)北区(qu)(qu)域(yu)电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)供需(xu)(xu)基(ji)本平衡(heng)(heng)。
“指尖购电”时(shi)代全(quan)面来(lai)临(lin)
我(wo)国电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)市场分为电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)批(pi)发市场和电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)零售(shou)市场，在电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)批(pi)发市场中，一(yi)般(ban)进行的是双边协商交易，卖方(fang)(fang)是发电(dian)(dian)企业(ye)，买(mai)(mai)方(fang)(fang)是售(shou)电(dian)(dian)企业(ye)、电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)大用户。而在电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)零售(shou)市场，卖方(fang)(fang)是售(shou)电(dian)(dian)商，买(mai)(mai)方(fang)(fang)则是中小型电(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)用户。
电(dian)(dian)(dian)力零(ling)售市(shi)场作为(wei)电(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)场的(de)重要组成部(bu)分，是连接售电(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司与零(ling)售用户(hu)的(de)桥(qiao)梁。新一轮电(dian)(dian)(dian)价市(shi)场化改(gai)革(ge)(ge)以来(lai)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)场的(de)发展按下(xia)加速键。电(dian)(dian)(dian)价市(shi)场化改(gai)革(ge)(ge)之(zhi)前，我国只(zhi)有40%的(de)工商业用户(hu)进入电(dian)(dian)(dian)力市(shi)场交(jiao)易(yi)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)价市(shi)场化改(gai)革(ge)(ge)后，全部(bu)工商业用户(hu)入市(shi)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)力零(ling)售市(shi)场规范运行的(de)压力也在增大，线上交(jiao)易(yi)作为(wei)便捷的(de)交(jiao)易(yi)方式，推(tui)出迫在眉睫。
而线上零(ling)售市(shi)场则是电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)场化改革“最后(hou)一公里”，用户(hu)、售电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司像日常网(wang)购一样在电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)商平台上买电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、卖电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，可大幅降低(di)售电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司的获(huo)取客户(hu)成本，有效破解(jie)中小微企业入(ru)市(shi)交易“硬门槛(jian)”。
目前，多地(di)已(yi)经开启电(dian)力零售市场，“指尖售电(dian)”时代已(yi)经全面来临。
云(yun)南(nan)省是(shi)最早实施电(dian)(dian)(dian)力零售市场(chang)的省份，2020年12月云(yun)南(nan)打造(zao)了全国首个一站式(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)力零售交易“来淘电(dian)(dian)(dian)”平台，在(zai)“来淘电(dian)(dian)(dian)”模式(shi)推动(dong)下，2021年云(yun)南(nan)省市场(chang)化购(gou)售电(dian)(dian)(dian)主体突破(po)17万(wan)户(hu)。目前，云(yun)南(nan)的中小微企业(ye)只需三步即(ji)可完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)力零售交易：一是(shi)通过“来淘电(dian)(dian)(dian)”PC端或者移动(dong)端按指引完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)市场(chang)化注册；二是(shi)注册完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)后从(cong)“来淘电(dian)(dian)(dian)”提(ti)供的标准套(tao)餐(can)、定(ding)制(zhi)套(tao)餐(can)选择合适套(tao)餐(can)；三是(shi)确认电(dian)(dian)(dian)量、价格和协议内容后即(ji)可一键下单完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)购(gou)电(dian)(dian)(dian)。
2022年(nian)12月山(shan)西启动电(dian)力线(xian)(xian)上零(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)市场(chang)(chang)试运(yun)行。线(xian)(xian)上零(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)平台(tai)像是网上商城，电(dian)力用(yong)户(hu)可以(yi)在平台(tai)上选(xuan)购(gou)适合自己的(de)(de)套(tao)(tao)餐(can)，实现购(gou)售(shou)电(dian)双方的(de)(de)高效对接。山(shan)西电(dian)力线(xian)(xian)上零(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)交易(yi)流(liu)程为：售(shou)电(dian)公司(si)虚拟商铺管理(li)、零(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)套(tao)(tao)餐(can)编制、零(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)套(tao)(tao)餐(can)上下架、零(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)用(yong)户(hu)下单确认。零(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)用(yong)户(hu)套(tao)(tao)餐(can)选(xuan)择时，暂不(bu)(bu)具备分时计量条件的(de)(de)低压、5G类(lei)用(yong)户(hu)不(bu)(bu)能选(xuan)择带有分时段属(shu)性(xing)的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)套(tao)(tao)餐(can)；除国家(jia)规定(ding)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)执行峰谷电(dian)价的(de)(de)用(yong)户(hu)外，参与(yu)现货(huo)市场(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)35千伏(fu)及(ji)以(yi)上电(dian)压等级(ji)非(fei)战新交易(yi)零(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)用(yong)户(hu)需选(xuan)择带有分时段属(shu)性(xing)的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)(ling)售(shou)套(tao)(tao)餐(can)。
广东(dong)在2022年9月份上(shang)线(xian)电(dian)力市(shi)场(chang)零(ling)售(shou)平(ping)台，9月19日至(zhi)30日组织开展广东(dong)电(dian)力市(shi)场(chang)零(ling)售(shou)平(ping)台公测。广东(dong)电(dian)力零(ling)售(shou)平(ping)台的适用用户为全省(sheng)工商(shang)业(ye)电(dian)力用户（目(mu)前暂对(dui)10千伏级以上(shang)工商(shang)业(ye)用户放开）。广东(dong)电(dian)力零(ling)售(shou)平(ping)台将购电(dian)端、售(shou)电(dian)端和(he)平(ping)台端进(jin)行前、中、后台分离，能够(gou)为用户提(ti)供线(xian)上(shang)一站式服务，打(da)破传统(tong)电(dian)力交易模式，破解零(ling)售(shou)市(shi)场(chang)交易、价格、风险(xian)管(guan)理(li)等方面(mian)的热点难点问题，带领(ling)百万(wan)市(shi)场(chang)主体进(jin)入购售(shou)电(dian)智能数(shu)字(zi)化(hua)时代(dai)。
浙江2022年9月2日上线全(quan)省统一数字化售电(dian)平(ping)台——浙江电(dian)力(li)零(ling)售交易平(ping)台，该平(ping)台可以一键(jian)获取市(shi)场(chang)信息，一键(jian)筛选售电(dian)公司，一键(jian)比价(jia)购(gou)电(dian)套餐，一键(jian)定制个性需求，一键(jian)签(qian)约零(ling)售用户(hu)。未(wei)来浙江省市(shi)场(chang)化购(gou)售电(dian)主体预计将突(tu)破(po)30万户(hu)。
2023年2月(yue)27日(ri)，山东(dong)电(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)中心下发(fa)《关于开展e-交(jiao)易(yi)APP零售(shou)(shou)交(jiao)易(yi)试(shi)运行工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)通知》，将于2023年3月(yue)6日(ri)起(qi)开展e-交(jiao)易(yi)APP零售(shou)(shou)交(jiao)易(yi)试(shi)运行工(gong)作(zuo)。山东(dong)省参与(yu)3月(yue)零售(shou)(shou)市场(chang)的(de)(de)电(dian)力用户都可以参与(yu)e-交(jiao)易(yi)APP零售(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)试(shi)运行。签约方式有场(chang)内套餐、场(chang)外双边两种。
线上电力零售(shou)(shou)市场(chang)以其便捷、透明(ming)的(de)交易(yi)方式(shi)，有助(zhu)于推动(dong)工商业用户全部进入市场(chang)，将成为电力零售(shou)(shou)市场(chang)的(de)全新模(mo)式(shi)，未来(lai)将大规模(mo)在全国多(duo)地上线。
