习近(jin)平总书记在中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)政治局第三十六次集体(ti)学习时指出，要推进先(xian)进储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技术规(gui)模化(hua)应用。近(jin)年(nian)来(lai)，我国高度重视储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)技术与产(chan)业发展(zhan)，先(xian)后出台一系列政策措施。截(jie)至目前，全国已有近(jin)30个省份(fen)出台了“十四五”新(xin)型储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)规(gui)划或新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源配置储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)文(wen)件，大力(li)发展(zhan)“新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源+储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)”。但新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源配储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)存在利用率不高、成本难(nan)(nan)以消化(hua)、分(fen)散方式难(nan)(nan)发挥有效作用、配置的合理性及规(gui)模缺乏科学论证(zheng)等问题(ti)。
新(xin)能源配储能发(fa)展现(xian)状
截(jie)至(zhi)2021年(nian)底(di)，全国储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)装机规模达到4266万千(qian)瓦(wa)，其(qi)中(zhong)新(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)装机626.8万千(qian)瓦(wa)，同比(bi)增长56.4%;新(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)中(zhong)90%为电(dian)化学储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。截(jie)至(zhi)2021年(nian)底(di)，电(dian)源(yuan)侧(ce)(ce)(ce)、用(yong)户侧(ce)(ce)(ce)、电(dian)网侧(ce)(ce)(ce)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)装机占比(bi)分别为49.7%、27.4%和22.9%，电(dian)源(yuan)侧(ce)(ce)(ce)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)接近装机的一半。各省规划(hua)的新(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)发(fa)展目标合计超过6000万千(qian)瓦(wa)，是(shi)国家能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局(ju)《关于加快推(tui)动新(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)发(fa)展的指导意(yi)见》文(wen)件中(zhong)提(ti)出(chu)的2025年(nian)达到3000万千(qian)瓦(wa)目标的两(liang)倍。其(qi)中(zhong)，电(dian)源(yuan)侧(ce)(ce)(ce)配(pei)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)各个省份重点支持方向，近期逐(zhu)步加大(da)了独立储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)发(fa)展要求。
为充分了解(jie)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)设施(shi)的(de)运行情况(kuang)，中电联(lian)对电网公司、发(fa)电集团等单位所属(shu)的(de)新型储(chu)(chu)能(neng)进行了专项调(diao)研(yan)。本次共调(diao)研(yan)电化(hua)学储(chu)(chu)能(neng)项目208个，合计(ji)容量(liang)215万千(qian)瓦，占全(quan)国电化(hua)学储(chu)(chu)能(neng)装机的(de)近(jin)40%。其中，调(diao)研(yan)新能(neng)源配储(chu)(chu)能(neng)装机105万千(qian)瓦，占全(quan)国新能(neng)源配储(chu)(chu)装机的(de)2/3，具有(you)代(dai)表性。调(diao)研(yan)结果表明：
从不同应用场景储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)项目配(pei)置时长(zhang)看，调研机组储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)平均时长(zhang)为2小(xiao)时，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)配(pei)置时长(zhang)为1.6小(xiao)时，火电(dian)(dian)厂配(pei)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)为0.6小(xiao)时，电(dian)(dian)网(wang)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)为2.3小(xiao)时、用户储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)为5.3小(xiao)时，基(ji)本(ben)反映了各应用场景的技术需求和特性。
从(cong)各区域(yu)(yu)(yu)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)应用场景分布(bu)看，华北(bei)、西北(bei)区域(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)新(xin)能(neng)源配(pei)(pei)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)为(wei)主，华东区域(yu)(yu)(yu)新(xin)能(neng)源配(pei)(pei)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)、电(dian)(dian)网(wang)侧储(chu)(chu)能(neng)与用户侧储(chu)(chu)能(neng)应用分布(bu)较为(wei)均衡，南方区域(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)火电(dian)(dian)厂配(pei)(pei)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)为(wei)主。
从(cong)储能运行(xing)策略看，新能源(yuan)配储弃电(dian)期间一天至(zhi)多“一充(chong)一放”运行(xing)，个别项目(mu)存在仅部分储能单元被调用(yong)、甚至(zhi)基本不调用(yong)的(de)情况。
从储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)等效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)系(xi)数看，调(diao)研电化学储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)项(xiang)目平(ping)均等效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)系(xi)数为(wei)12.2%，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源配(pei)储(chu)(chu)系(xi)数仅为(wei)6.1%，火电厂配(pei)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)为(wei)15.3%，电网储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)为(wei)14.8%，用(yong)(yong)户储(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)为(wei)28.3%。相对(dui)而言，华北、西北区域的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源配(pei)储(chu)(chu)等效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)系(xi)数高(gao)于其他区域。
从储(chu)(chu)能项(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)和商业模(mo)式看，储(chu)(chu)能项(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)大多在1500～3000元/千瓦时之间(jian)，项(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)间(jian)由于(yu)边界条件不同(tong)造(zao)(zao)价(jia)差异较大。新能源(yuan)配(pei)置(zhi)储(chu)(chu)能具有(you)平抑新能源(yuan)输(shu)出功率波动(dong)、提升新能源(yuan)消纳量(liang)、降低发电(dian)计划(hua)偏(pian)差、提升电(dian)网安全运行稳定(ding)性(xing)、缓解输(shu)电(dian)阻塞(sai)等作(zuo)用，在能量(liang)市(shi)(shi)场、辅助(zhu)服务市(shi)(shi)场、容(rong)量(liang)市(shi)(shi)场中具有(you)多元价(jia)值(zhi)，商业模(mo)式不尽相同(tong)，地(di)区差异性(xing)较大。但(dan)从实际情况看，大部分储(chu)(chu)能项(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的盈利水平不高。
新能(neng)源配(pei)储能(neng)存在的主要问题
一(yi)是新能(neng)源配储能(neng)利用率(lv)低。
新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)储能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)种储能(neng)(neng)(neng)应用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方式中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)种，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储能(neng)(neng)(neng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)频(pin)(pin)(pin)次(ci)、等效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)数(shu)(shu)、利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)低于火(huo)电(dian)厂(chang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储能(neng)(neng)(neng)、电(dian)网(wang)储能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)户储能(neng)(neng)(neng)。从(cong)(cong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)频(pin)(pin)(pin)次(ci)来(lai)看，目前，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)的(de)储能(neng)(neng)(neng)一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)在有弃(qi)电(dian)时(shi)(shi)段进(jin)行(xing)充(chong)放运(yun)行(xing)，至多(duo)(duo)“一(yi)充(chong)一(yi)放”运(yun)行(xing)，部分(fen)区(qu)域配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)置(zhi)的(de)电(dian)化(hua)学储能(neng)(neng)(neng)基(ji)本未调(diao)(diao)(diao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。电(dian)网(wang)侧(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)户侧(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)储能(neng)(neng)(neng)多(duo)(duo)为(wei)“两(liang)充(chong)两(liang)放”运(yun)行(xing)模式，火(huo)储调(diao)(diao)(diao)频(pin)(pin)(pin)由于受AGC调(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)指令响应，储能(neng)(neng)(neng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)频(pin)(pin)(pin)繁;从(cong)(cong)等效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)数(shu)(shu)来(lai)看，2022年(nian)第一(yi)季(ji)度(du)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储、火(huo)储、电(dian)网(wang)侧(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)户侧(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储等效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)系(xi)数(shu)(shu)分(fen)别(bie)(bie)为(wei)6.1%、15.3%、14.8%、28.3%。火(huo)储、电(dian)网(wang)侧(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)户侧(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储日(ri)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)时(shi)(shi)分(fen)别(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)时(shi)(shi)的(de)2.5倍(bei)、2.4倍(bei)、4.6倍(bei)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)户侧(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储的(de)储能(neng)(neng)(neng)实施利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)最为(wei)充(chong)分(fen);从(cong)(cong)日(ri)充(chong)放电(dian)等效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)来(lai)看，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储、火(huo)储、电(dian)网(wang)侧(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)户侧(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储等效(xiao)(xiao)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)分(fen)别(bie)(bie)为(wei)51.1%、344.6%、82.4%、67.1%，说明新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)储平(ping)均两(liang)日(ri)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)实现一(yi)次(ci)完整的(de)充(chong)电(dian)。
二是新能源配储(chu)能规模、型式没(mei)有进行科(ke)学论(lun)证(zheng)。
新(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)种类繁多、功(gong)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)、技术(shu)成熟度和(he)(he)经(jing)济性(xing)差异(yi)大。多地(di)采取“一(yi)刀切”式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)标(biao)准(zhun)，部分(fen)(fen)地(di)区将配(pei)(pei)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)为新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)设(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前置(zhi)(zhi)条件(jian)。考虑到各(ge)地(di)资源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)特性(xing)、消(xiao)纳形势、电(dian)力系(xi)统(tong)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，应(ying)当详(xiang)细测(ce)算新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必要性(xing)及(ji)比(bi)例。但已建(jian)(jian)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)站(zhan)利用(yong)(yong)率(lv)低(di)下，说(shuo)明“一(yi)刀切”式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)比(bi)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)科(ke)(ke)学(xue)，且(qie)缺乏(fa)自主(zhu)调(diao)(diao)用(yong)(yong)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商业(ye)(ye)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)与市场(chang)(chang)化激励，对储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)考虑得(de)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)充分(fen)(fen)。例如，部分(fen)(fen)地(di)区要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)存量项目开始配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)装(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，而根据修订后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)GB38755《电(dian)力系(xi)统(tong)安(an)全(quan)稳定导(dao)则》要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，多数新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)场(chang)(chang)站(zhan)已完(wan)成一(yi)次(ci)调(diao)(diao)频改(gai)造，若再按(an)照10%配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)设(she)(she)施完(wan)全(quan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)够满(man)足(zu)场(chang)(chang)站(zhan)一(yi)次(ci)调(diao)(diao)频能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，已经(jing)开展的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)次(ci)调(diao)(diao)频改(gai)造无法(fa)(fa)发挥(hui)(hui)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，造成资源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)浪费。尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)种类繁多、功(gong)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)、技术(shu)成熟度和(he)(he)经(jing)济性(xing)差异(yi)大，总体(ti)处于产(chan)业(ye)(ye)发展初期，问(wen)(wen)题(ti)、需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)和(he)(he)目标(biao)导(dao)向尚未理(li)清(如新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)侧配(pei)(pei)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)解(jie)(jie)决消(xiao)纳问(wen)(wen)题(ti)、还是(shi)(shi)解(jie)(jie)决上报的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)曲线误差超(chao)标(biao)问(wen)(wen)题(ti)、或是(shi)(shi)解(jie)(jie)决系(xi)统(tong)灵活性(xing)资源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)问(wen)(wen)题(ti))，“一(yi)刀切”的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)方式(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利于新(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)高(gao)质量发展。不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)类型(xing)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)(tong)等储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)缺乏(fa)科(ke)(ke)学(xue)性(xing)，光伏(fu)、风电(dian)同(tong)(tong)属(shu)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，但由于其发电(dian)特性(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，同(tong)(tong)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在经(jing)济性(xing)、利用(yong)(yong)率(lv)方面具有较(jiao)多差异(yi)性(xing)，同(tong)(tong)质化的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)要求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)缺乏(fa)科(ke)(ke)学(xue)性(xing);分(fen)(fen)散的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)(shi)无法(fa)(fa)体(ti)现规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)效益，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)主(zhu)要跟随新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)项目，采取分(fen)(fen)散模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)。由于建(jian)(jian)设(she)(she)单(dan)位为了抢占(zhan)资源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，更关注项目能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)否通过(guo)(guo)并网验收，配(pei)(pei)建(jian)(jian)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)应(ying)用(yong)(yong)效果放在其次(ci)，储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)装(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)质量参差不(bu)(bu)(bu)齐(qi)、管(guan)理(li)使用(yong)(yong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)也(ye)千差万别，再叠(die)加调(diao)(diao)用(yong)(yong)次(ci)数少，造成储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)利用(yong)(yong)率(lv)低(di)、经(jing)济性(xing)差。尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)单(dan)个新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)发电(dian)企业(ye)(ye)配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)或调(diao)(diao)峰设(she)(she)施规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)较(jiao)小(xiao)，在运营(ying)过(guo)(guo)程中难以产(chan)生(sheng)规(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)效应(ying)，出现运营(ying)成本高(gao)、效率(lv)低(di)等问(wen)(wen)题(ti)。此外，不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)电(dian)站(zhan)之(zhi)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在协调(diao)(diao)方面也(ye)存在障碍(ai)，导(dao)致储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)发挥(hui)(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)充分(fen)(fen)，储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)利用(yong)(yong)率(lv)严重受限。
三是新型储(chu)能成本较高，缺(que)乏(fa)疏导渠道。
新(xin)(xin)型储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)本高于火电(dian)灵活性改造、抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)技术，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)储(chu)投资成(cheng)(cheng)本无法满足(zu)收益(yi)(yi)(yi)率要求(qiu)，投资回(hui)报机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)模糊。目前新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)电(dian)价约在0.3元/千瓦时左右，即仅(jin)仅(jin)依靠回(hui)收弃电(dian)，远远不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)满足(zu)收益(yi)(yi)(yi)率要求(qiu)。新(xin)(xin)型储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)对电(dian)力系统的效用(yong)呈多(duo)样(yang)性，主要受(shou)益(yi)(yi)(yi)方是电(dian)力系统全体(ti)(ti)参与者或者是用(yong)户，目前除(chu)削峰填谷(含(han)消纳)和(he)调(diao)频(pin)外，回(hui)报机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)大(da)多(duo)不(bu)(bu)清晰，且受(shou)政策性影响较(jiao)大(da)。当(dang)前，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)储(chu)成(cheng)(cheng)本由新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)开发(fa)企(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)承(cheng)担，并未(wei)向下游传(chuan)导，叠加锂离子电(dian)池成(cheng)(cheng)本上涨，给新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)企(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)带来了较(jiao)大(da)的经(jing)营压力，影响新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)开发(fa)企(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye)投资决策。新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)配(pei)置的储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)可为(wei)电(dian)网(wang)提(ti)供(gong)调(diao)峰、调(diao)频(pin)、备用(yong)、黑启动、需求(qiu)响应支(zhi)撑等(deng)多(duo)种(zhong)服务，但在新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)场站内布置，现(xian)行(xing)的市场机(ji)(ji)制(zhi)难以体(ti)(ti)现(xian)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的其他价值。
四是新型储(chu)能商业模式、电价机制有待进一步(bu)完善。
新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)商业(ye)(ye)模(mo)式仍显单一(yi)。新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)收益主(zhu)要来源(yuan)(yuan)于电(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量转换与(yu)(yu)辅助服务，对(dui)于大(da)(da)部(bu)分新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)经营环境而言(yan)，电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)侧(ce)电(dian)(dian)价峰谷差并不(bu)显著，辅助服务价格(ge)也不(bu)高，导致储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)收益难(nan)以(yi)保障;储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)诸多市场(chang)和(he)价格(ge)规(gui)则仍有待落地(di)。2022年5月24日(ri)，国(guo)家发(fa)展改革(ge)委办公厅(ting)、国(guo)家能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)局综合司印发(fa)的(de)(de)《关于进一(yi)步(bu)推(tui)动新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)参与(yu)(yu)电(dian)(dian)力(li)市场(chang)和(he)调(diao)度(du)运(yun)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)通知(zhi)》，对(dui)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)“入市”后的(de)(de)市场(chang)、价格(ge)和(he)运(yun)行等(deng)(deng)机制(zhi)均作出(chu)了(le)(le)重要部(bu)署，该(gai)政(zheng)策的(de)(de)出(chu)台(tai)将(jiang)有效(xiao)(xiao)推(tui)动新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)市场(chang)化进程，对(dui)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)产业(ye)(ye)及商业(ye)(ye)模(mo)式的(de)(de)创新(xin)(xin)发(fa)展意义重大(da)(da)。然而，该(gai)政(zheng)策的(de)(de)落地(di)与(yu)(yu)实(shi)际执行仍面临较多问题，各地(di)在细化地(di)方方案上也需(xu)因地(di)制(zhi)宜(yi)，政(zheng)策变动对(dui)收益影响较大(da)(da)。此外，当前新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)配置储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)仅(jin)规(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)配置比例等(deng)(deng)基本参数，未出(chu)台(tai)配套的(de)(de)具体使用(yong)(yong)和(he)考(kao)核办法;如(ru)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)如(ru)何参与(yu)(yu)调(diao)度(du)、调(diao)度(du)的(de)(de)频次、充放电(dian)(dian)次数、放电(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)等(deng)(deng)方面尚(shang)没有明确的(de)(de)规(gui)定(ding)等(deng)(deng)，导致储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系统安装之后使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)实(shi)际效(xiao)(xiao)果和(he)收益难(nan)以(yi)保证，不(bu)仅(jin)加剧了(le)(le)部(bu)分企业(ye)(ye)劣币(bi)驱逐良币(bi)、选择质(zhi)量较差低廉储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)产品的(de)(de)意向，且强配储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)极(ji)少被调(diao)用(yong)(yong)，形成了(le)(le)负反馈的(de)(de)恶(e)性(xing)循环。
五(wu)是新型(xing)储(chu)能安(an)全(quan)管(guan)理仍需加(jia)强。
近年(nian)来，随着新型储(chu)(chu)能(neng)的规(gui)模扩(kuo)大和应(ying)用(yong)(yong)日益广(guang)泛，其面(mian)临的安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)问题(ti)也(ye)愈发(fa)严峻。据不(bu)(bu)完全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)统计，自2018年(nian)起至今，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)球已(yi)发(fa)生了(le)40多起储(chu)(chu)能(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)爆炸起火事(shi)件，暴露出当前储(chu)(chu)能(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)产品(pin)存在(zai)(zai)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)足、相关标准规(gui)范(fan)指导性(xing)不(bu)(bu)强、安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)措施落(luo)实不(bu)(bu)到位、安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)预警及(ji)应(ying)急机制不(bu)(bu)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)等(deng)问题(ti)。可(ke)以说，安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)问题(ti)是(shi)新型储(chu)(chu)能(neng)规(gui)模化健(jian)康稳定发(fa)展的关键影响(xiang)因素之一。在(zai)(zai)高成本(ben)(ben)压力下，部分项目(mu)选择了(le)性(xing)能(neng)较差、投资成本(ben)(ben)较低(di)的储(chu)(chu)能(neng)产品(pin)，增加了(le)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隐患。电(dian)(dian)(dian)化学(xue)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)的安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)的安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing)和作(zuo)为储(chu)(chu)能(neng)系(xi)(xi)统使用(yong)(yong)时的系(xi)(xi)统安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)性(xing)，涉及(ji)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)(xi)统、电(dian)(dian)(dian)缆(lan)线(xian)束、系(xi)(xi)统电(dian)(dian)(dian)气拓扑结构(gou)、预警监(jian)控消防系(xi)(xi)统、运(yun)行(xing)环境、安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)等(deng)多个(ge)方面(mian)，涉及(ji)对象也(ye)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)专业技(ji)术操作(zuo)人员(yuan)、储(chu)(chu)能(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)以及(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)站安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)运(yun)行(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)等(deng)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)化学(xue)储(chu)(chu)能(neng)的安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)标准、管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)规(gui)范(fan)有待进一步提升。
六是新型(xing)储能运(yun)维难度大(da)。
电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化学(xue)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)数量(liang)庞大，储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)项(xiang)目(mu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池单体颗数的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)规(gui)模(mo)(mo)已经达到万级(ji)甚至几十万级(ji)，且(qie)随着电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池运行(xing)(xing)(xing)时(shi)(shi)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)延长，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)必(bi)然(ran)会(hui)出(chu)(chu)现(xian)(xian)(xian)或多或少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衰(shuai)(shuai)减，但BMS不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)跟随电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)衰(shuai)(shuai)减而(er)实时(shi)(shi)更新(xin)(xin)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)安全指标(biao)，且(qie)现(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)标(biao)准没有(you)明确详细(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)现(xian)(xian)(xian)场(chang)检(jian)测(ce)方法(fa)。此外，储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)安装前(qian)和运行(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)缺少现(xian)(xian)(xian)场(chang)检(jian)测(ce)设(she)备(bei)，无法(fa)在(zai)场(chang)站端对(dui)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、模(mo)(mo)块(kuai)或系(xi)(xi)统进行(xing)(xing)(xing)详细(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)检(jian)测(ce)分(fen)析(xi)，导致(zhi)运维(wei)(wei)(wei)人员不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)够及时(shi)(shi)了解电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)运行(xing)(xing)(xing)过程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)详细(xi)(xi)参数，只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)依靠电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系(xi)(xi)统分(fen)析(xi)，维(wei)(wei)(wei)护(hu)难度极大;储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站运维(wei)(wei)(wei)涉及到电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气、化学(xue)、控(kong)制等多专(zhuan)业，对(dui)于现(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)运检(jian)专(zhuan)业来(lai)说属于新(xin)(xin)事物(wu)，当前(qian)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站运维(wei)(wei)(wei)粗放(fang)，运维(wei)(wei)(wei)及检(jian)修(xiu)、调控(kong)监控(kong)人员均没有(you)相(xiang)应的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技术储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)备(bei)及检(jian)修(xiu)运维(wei)(wei)(wei)装备(bei)，大多数人员由(you)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源场(chang)站抽(chou)调，未(wei)经过专(zhuan)业的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)统技术培(pei)训(xun)，对(dui)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)统出(chu)(chu)现(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)问题无法(fa)及时(shi)(shi)解决(jue)，导致(zhi)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)统停机脱(tuo)网或发生电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池安全事故，运检(jian)维(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)人员专(zhuan)业性有(you)待提(ti)升。标(biao)准更替造(zao)成部(bu)(bu)分(fen)早期项(xiang)目(mu)不(bu)满(man)足(zu)(zu)技术要求(qiu)，部(bu)(bu)分(fen)早期建设(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，在(zai)设(she)计及建设(she)之初，按照当时(shi)(shi)设(she)计标(biao)准满(man)足(zu)(zu)要求(qiu)，但随着相(xiang)关国家标(biao)准、行(xing)(xing)(xing)业标(biao)准的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)善，特(te)别是(shi)大红(hong)门(men)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站事故以来(lai)，国家、行(xing)(xing)(xing)业、地方均提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了更严(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)，以至部(bu)(bu)分(fen)原设(she)计标(biao)准已不(bu)满(man)足(zu)(zu)，部(bu)(bu)分(fen)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站需要进行(xing)(xing)(xing)整(zheng)改(gai)后方可投入运行(xing)(xing)(xing)。针对(dui)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)统的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网调度运行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)待优(you)化，一是(shi)在(zai)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)地区，由(you)于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网夜间不(bu)会(hui)给(ji)光储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)系(xi)(xi)统下指令放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，导致(zhi)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)辐照较好(hao)阶段(duan)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)用(yong)于支持晚用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰，只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)用(yong)于下午辐照较差(cha)时(shi)(shi)段(duan)，影(ying)响储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)峰谷(gu)发电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价差(cha);二(er)是(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网调度尚未(wei)形成储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)信息上传的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)整(zheng)系(xi)(xi)统，无法(fa)与现(xian)(xian)(xian)有(you)AGC功(gong)率下达系(xi)(xi)统相(xiang)结合，造(zao)成不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)效防止储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)(xi)统充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)力与AGC下达出(chu)(chu)力不(bu)一致(zhi)所导致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“两个细(xi)(xi)则(ze)”考(kao)核，出(chu)(chu)现(xian)(xian)(xian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站一边(bian)为(wei)系(xi)(xi)统削(xue)峰填(tian)谷(gu)做贡(gong)献，一边(bian)因出(chu)(chu)力曲(qu)线(xian)无法(fa)跟踪被考(kao)核。
有关(guan)建议(yi)
优化储能配置(zhi)和(he)调运方式，提升储能利(li)用水平
因地制宜配(pei)置储能(neng)(neng)规模和(he)型式。结合当地新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源消纳、资源特性、网架(jia)结构、负荷特性、电网安全、电源结构等因素，具体分(fen)析(xi)各地系统调频、调峰需求，综合煤(mei)电灵活性改造、抽水蓄能(neng)(neng)建设(she)、电网调节能(neng)(neng)力提(ti)升等实际情况，合理确定新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源配(pei)置储能(neng)(neng)的规模和(he)型式，避(bi)免资源浪费(fei)。
逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)扩大独立储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)/共享储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)比(bi)例(li)。借鉴发展抽(chou)蓄(xu)模式来(lai)发展新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型(xing)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)，逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)扩大独立储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)/共享储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)比(bi)例(li)。从(cong)优(you)化电力(li)系统运行、提(ti)高(gao)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)设(she)(she)施利用率、支(zhi)撑新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源占比(bi)逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)提(ti)高(gao)等(deng)角度出发，统筹区域内新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源项(xiang)目(mu)、电网安(an)全(quan)运行要求，集中(zhong)建(jian)设(she)(she)独立或共享储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)电站，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源大基地项(xiang)目(mu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源分布式项(xiang)目(mu)配置储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)均宜集中(zhong)建(jian)设(she)(she)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)电站，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源项(xiang)目(mu)共享储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)容量、分摊(tan)储(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)费用。
健全储(chu)能(neng)设(she)施(shi)(shi)运(yun)(yun)行(xing)机制(zhi)。建立(li)(li)“统一调(diao)度(du)(du)(du)、共(gong)享使用(yong)”的协调(diao)运(yun)(yun)行(xing)机制(zhi)，对于(yu)已经(jing)布(bu)置(zhi)在新能(neng)源侧的储(chu)能(neng)设(she)施(shi)(shi)，按照相关要求(qiu)进(jin)行(xing)改造向独立(li)(li)/共(gong)享储(chu)能(neng)发展，最大程度(du)(du)(du)发挥储(chu)能(neng)促进(jin)新能(neng)源消纳、调(diao)峰调(diao)频、功率支撑(cheng)等(deng)多重作(zuo)用(yong)。优化储(chu)能(neng)电(dian)站并(bing)网(wang)运(yun)(yun)行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)策略，提高储(chu)能(neng)利用(yong)效(xiao)率。此(ci)外(wai)，储(chu)能(neng)系统运(yun)(yun)行(xing)应以延长储(chu)能(neng)设(she)施(shi)(shi)寿命(ming)为核心，在满足(zu)调(diao)度(du)(du)(du)要求(qiu)的条件下，尽量避(bi)免设(she)备使用(yong)次数不均衡、设(she)备频繁操(cao)作(zuo)和电(dian)池系统长时间深度(du)(du)(du)充(chong)放电(dian)。
加大科技创新与运维管理，提(ti)升(sheng)储(chu)能安全(quan)水平(ping)
加(jia)大技(ji)术创新(xin)。改(gai)进储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电芯安(an)全(quan)控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)术及(ji)安(an)全(quan)结构，完(wan)善储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电站(zhan)(zhan)并网运(yun)行控(kong)制(zhi)策略，提升本质安(an)全(quan)水平(ping);加(jia)强(qiang)安(an)全(quan)预(yu)防(fang)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化建(jian)设(she)，搭建(jian)数(shu)字化储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电站(zhan)(zhan)数(shu)据处理(li)与运(yun)维平(ping)台，减少操控(kong)失误带来的(de)安(an)全(quan)问题;强(qiang)化针对电化学储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力建(jian)设(she)，进一步深化储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电站(zhan)(zhan)系(xi)统(tong)安(an)全(quan)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)统(tong)火(huo)灾(zai)演(yan)化机(ji)制(zhi)及(ji)防(fang)控(kong)技(ji)术研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),针对火(huo)灾(zai)防(fang)控(kong)、早期预(yu)警(jing)、事故处置等(deng)方面的(de)重点攻关(guan)，联合企、事业多部(bu)门(men)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)制(zhi)定储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电站(zhan)(zhan)专门(men)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)安(an)全(quan)产品和应(ying)急方案(an);此外，建(jian)议有关(guan)部(bu)门(men)牵头(tou)制(zhi)定储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电站(zhan)(zhan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)审核验(yan)收(备案(an))程序及(ji)要求，解决消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)报(bao)批难题，同时(shi)健全(quan)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)安(an)全(quan)生产责任制(zhi)，完(wan)善储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电站(zhan)(zhan)应(ying)急预(yu)案(an)和消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)联动机(ji)制(zhi)。
优化(hua)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)体(ti)(ti)系(xi)。强化(hua)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)学储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)消(xiao)防管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，制定(ding)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)消(xiao)防审核验收、备案(an)程序;建(jian)立电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)选型和(he)检(jian)测(ce)体(ti)(ti)系(xi)，新投运(yun)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)项目(mu)须开(kai)展电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)单体(ti)(ti)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)模(mo)块(kuai)及(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)系(xi)统到货(huo)抽检(jian)及(ji)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)并(bing)(bing)(bing)网(wang)(wang)检(jian)测(ce)，检(jian)测(ce)不符合要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)不予并(bing)(bing)(bing)网(wang)(wang);在运(yun)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)项目(mu)应开(kai)展在线运(yun)行性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)监(jian)(jian)测(ce)和(he)评价(jia)，定(ding)期进行抽检(jian)及(ji)监(jian)(jian)督检(jian)查(cha)，不符合要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)应予以整改(gai)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)增加建(jian)立对储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)高(gao)/低电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压穿越、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)网(wang)(wang)适应性(xing)(xing)、充放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、过载性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、额定(ding)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量等涉网(wang)(wang)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)相关测(ce)试要(yao)求(qiu);加强运(yun)维(wei)人(ren)员安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)培训，持续优化(hua)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)体(ti)(ti)系(xi)，明(ming)确各(ge)环节(jie)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)责任主体(ti)(ti)及(ji)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)职责划分(fen)，完(wan)善基于储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)项目(mu)技(ji)术升级和(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性(xing)(xing)的(de)检(jian)测(ce)认证和(he)监(jian)(jian)督体(ti)(ti)系(xi)，建(jian)设并(bing)(bing)(bing)运(yun)维(wei)好(hao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)学储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)监(jian)(jian)测(ce)信息平台。
完善(shan)技术(shu)标(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)体(ti)系。结合(he)新型(xing)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)技术(shu)进展和安(an)全(quan)需求，动(dong)态更新电化(hua)学(xue)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)标(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)体(ti)系，提(ti)升储(chu)能(neng)(neng)标(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)与科技创(chuang)新、管理创(chuang)新的耦合(he)力度，在(zai)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)电站设(she)计、设(she)备(bei)(bei)技术(shu)要求、施工及(ji)验(yan)收、运行维护、设(she)备(bei)(bei)检修(xiu)、安(an)全(quan)及(ji)风险防(fang)控等方(fang)面，加快标(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制修(xiu)订(ding)工作，提(ti)升电化(hua)学(xue)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)相关国家(jia)标(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、行业(ye)标(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)、团体(ti)标(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的建设(she)力度，实(shi)现标(biao)准(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)引领(ling)。
完善市场(chang)机制(zhi)，促进储能产业发展
健全新(xin)型(xing)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)站参(can)与(yu)(yu)电(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)场规则(ze)。按照《关(guan)于进一(yi)步推动新(xin)型(xing)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)参(can)与(yu)(yu)电(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)场和调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)运用(yong)的(de)通知》要求，各地方加(jia)快完善储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)电(dian)(dian)站参(can)与(yu)(yu)电(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)场相(xiang)关(guan)配套政策及实施细则(ze)，保障新(xin)型(xing)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)更好地融入电(dian)(dian)力(li)市(shi)场。包括(kuo)：取(qu)消储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)频机组调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)节速率值上(shang)限，推动储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)频项(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)更快发(fa)展;当电(dian)(dian)网因(yin)安全需求调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)度(du)(du)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)项(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)参(can)与(yu)(yu)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)，导(dao)致充放电(dian)(dian)价(jia)差为负(fu)值时，计入现货市(shi)场补(bu)(bu)偿;出台相(xiang)关(guan)的(de)税收(shou)优惠与(yu)(yu)投资补(bu)(bu)贴、技术研发(fa)补(bu)(bu)贴等(deng)多(duo)项(xiang)(xiang)专项(xiang)(xiang)补(bu)(bu)贴政策，对项(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)补(bu)(bu)贴范围、补(bu)(bu)贴标准及具体的(de)操作(zuo)规则(ze)等(deng)予以明确(que);增加(jia)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源发(fa)电(dian)(dian)侧配套储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)峰(feng)等(deng)辅(fu)助服(fu)务(wu)贡献(xian)的(de)奖励，提升配建(jian)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)项(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)积极性;支(zhi)持电(dian)(dian)网侧储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)项(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)长期租赁(lin)模式运营并(bing)合(he)理规定(ding)最短(duan)租赁(lin)年限，保障电(dian)(dian)网侧储(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)项(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)投资回报收(shou)益等(deng)。
完(wan)善新(xin)型(xing)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)参(can)与电能(neng)(neng)量(liang)市(shi)场、辅(fu)(fu)(fu)助服(fu)(fu)务(wu)(wu)市(shi)场等机制。目前储(chu)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)盈利主要来源(yuan)于(yu)电能(neng)(neng)量(liang)收(shou)益(yi)、辅(fu)(fu)(fu)助服(fu)(fu)务(wu)(wu)收(shou)益(yi)。在(zai)目前机制下，储(chu)能(neng)(neng)受(shou)电价差低(di)、调用次(ci)数不足、辅(fu)(fu)(fu)助服(fu)(fu)务(wu)(wu)价格低(di)等因素影响，收(shou)益(yi)无法得到有(you)效(xiao)保(bao)障;部(bu)分(fen)地方政府虽然有(you)补(bu)贴，但是(shi)随着储(chu)能(neng)(neng)规模的(de)(de)扩大，补(bu)贴难以持续。为此，亟需(xu)建(jian)立(li)保(bao)障新(xin)型(xing)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)盈利的(de)(de)长效(xiao)机制，完(wan)善电能(neng)(neng)量(liang)市(shi)场、辅(fu)(fu)(fu)助服(fu)(fu)务(wu)(wu)市(shi)场等机制，通过价格信号激(ji)励市(shi)场主体自发(fa)配置储(chu)能(neng)(neng)资(zi)源(yuan)，引导(dao)社会资(zi)本(ben)参(can)与新(xin)型(xing)储(chu)能(neng)(neng)建(jian)设。
出台(tai)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)储能(neng)容(rong)量电(dian)(dian)价(jia)政(zheng)策。鉴于新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)储能(neng)与(yu)抽蓄在功能(neng)与(yu)价(jia)值的(de)统(tong)一性，新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)储能(neng)电(dian)(dian)站(zhan)价(jia)格机(ji)制(zhi)首先(xian)考虑储能(neng)容(rong)量带来的(de)系(xi)统(tong)共享和多方获益的(de)特点，按照“谁(shei)受(shou)益、谁(shei)分担”的(de)原(yuan)则承担相应的(de)容(rong)量成本(ben)。建议理顺各类(lei)灵活(huo)性电(dian)(dian)源电(dian)(dian)价(jia)机(ji)制(zhi)，出台(tai)容(rong)量价(jia)格政(zheng)策，尽快完(wan)善新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)储能(neng)商业模式，促进新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)(xing)储能(neng)、灵活(huo)性煤电(dian)(dian)、抽水蓄能(neng)等各类(lei)灵活(huo)性资(zi)源合理竞(jing)争。
